Hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) Sediment core Temporal trend Tokyo Bay Japan
Issue Date:
2007
Publisher:
Environmental Pollution
Citation:
Volume: 148, Issue: 2, Page : 409-417
Abstract:
Brominated flame retardants (BFRs), hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) and polybrominated
diethyl ethers (PBDEs) were detected in three sediment cores and six surface sediments of Tokyo Bay,
Japan. HBCDs were detected for the first time in this region with concentrations ranging from 0.056 to 2.3
ng/g dry wt, implying their widespread contamination, even though their concentrations were lower than
??PBDEs (di- to nona-BDEs) and BDE-209. Levels of these compounds were higher near to the highly
populated industrial area of the bay implicating industrial and human activities as sources of these
compounds. ??PBDEs increased in the sediment layer up to the mid-1990s and decreased afterwards,
whereas BDE-209 showed an increasing trend until now, following the usage of different commercial BDE
mixtures. HBCDs first appeared in the mid-1970s and increased until today. The annual surficial flux of
HBCDs (0.62-2.4 ng/cm2/yr) is equal to ??PBDEs (0.95-2.6 ng/cm2/yr) but lower than that of BDE-209
(17-58 ng/cm2/yr). ?? 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
